Which psychosocial crisis is resolved during the second year of life according to Erikson?

During the second year of life, the psychosocial crisis that is resolved is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. This stage is characterized by the child developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. As toddlers begin to assert their autonomy, they want to do things for themselves, such as dressing, feeding, and toilet training. Successfully navigating this stage leads to a sense of confidence and autonomy, while failure can result in feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities.

Erikson emphasized the importance of support and encouragement from caregivers during this critical period. When children are allowed and encouraged to explore and make choices, they develop a sense of self-efficacy. Conversely, if caregivers are overly controlling or critical, children may struggle with feelings of inadequacy or insecurity in their independence.

The other psychosocial crises mentioned occur at different stages of development, making them irrelevant to this particular question about the second year of life. Trust vs. Mistrust occurs in infancy, Identity vs. Role Confusion is situated in adolescence, and Intimacy vs. Isolation develops in young adulthood. Understanding the timing of these stages is crucial to grasping Erikson's framework of psychosocial development.