What type of exams are based on criteria and reported in percentages?

Criterion-referenced exams are designed to measure a student's performance against a predetermined set of standards or criteria. This type of assessment allows educators to determine whether a student has achieved a specific level of understanding or mastery of the material. The results are typically reported in percentages, indicating the extent to which a student meets those established criteria.

In contrast, norm-referenced exams compare a student's performance to that of a norm group, often reporting results in terms of percentiles rather than absolute measures of achievement. Performance-based assessments focus on the ability to apply skills in real-world scenarios, which may not lend itself to a simple percentage format. Formative assessments are used primarily to provide ongoing feedback during the learning process and are not typically reported as definitive scores or percentages, as their main goal is to guide instruction rather than evaluate performance against a standard.