What is the main function of formative assessments in instruction?

Formative assessments play a crucial role in the teaching and learning process by gauging understanding during the learning journey. Their purpose is to provide ongoing feedback to both instructors and students, allowing for adjustments to teaching strategies and learning approaches as needed. By integrating formative assessments throughout the instructional process, educators can identify areas where students are struggling and offer timely support or clarification before formal evaluations take place. This ongoing dialogue about student understanding promotes a more responsive learning environment, enabling both teachers and students to make informed decisions about future instruction and study methods.

In contrast, evaluating final exam performance typically falls under summative assessments, which summarize student learning after instruction has concluded. Measuring student learning after a unit also aligns with summative assessments, as it provides a snapshot of understanding at a specific point in time. Comparing students against each other does not reflect the primary goal of formative assessments, which is to enhance individual student learning rather than create a competitive environment.